by: dr. Tjok. Gd. Ngr. Chandragiram
Mother DEATH is the death of the mother of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or in 42 days after childbirth (childbed) with causes related directly or indirectly to the confinement.
World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, in the world every 1 minute a mother dies in a year and have about 600 thousand mothers die due to complications of pregnancy, abortion and birth process that is not safe due to an unwanted pregnancy. WHO also reported, approximately 80% Maternal mortality is a result of increased complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and after the birth. The remaining 20%, Maternal mortality is not directly caused by anemia, malaria, hepatitis, heart disease and diabetes.
Figures gathered from the Demographic and Health Surveys Indonesia (SDKI) in 2003 showed about 15 thousand mothers die every year or every one hour, two died because of maternal complications of pregnancy, childbirth and childbed. Maternal mortality (AKI) in Indonesia is still high in the ASEAN region has occurred despite a decrease from 307/100 thousand live births from an average of around 3-4 million births each year (SDKI 2002-2003) became 263/100 thousand live births (BPS 2005) when compared with the maternal death rate in the country near neighbors, Thailand, thousands 129/100, 39/100 thousands Malaysia and Singapore 6 / 100 thousand.
AKI is not high despite the still high number of unwanted pregnancies (unwanted pregnancy) reached 16.8% which is associated with high abortion. Abortion itself to contribute to maternal mortality to 13%. On the other hand there are many found that the pregnancy is not ideal (too much, too young, too old, and too close proximity of pregnancy), which is very dangerous for the mother's health or better known as the "4 Too" (4T).
KB and the "4T"
Family Planning Program (KB), since 1970, has been pressing a number of birth per fertile-age women (Total Fertility Rate / TFR) of around 50% of children 5.6 to about 2.2 children per fertile-age women at this time. In addition, the program KB is also a role to achieve the large reduction in AKI through family planning to the way the pregnancy is safe, healthy and desirable. To create a message key, KB is a preventive health service efforts to the most basic and primary.
KB with the benefit of a decrease in birth AKI often not perceived. One of the causes of maternal mortality due to low family understanding about reproductive health and KB. The lack of access to services will also increase KB AKI. Many couples fertile age (EFA) did not get the service KB (unmeet need), the risk that increasing the number of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion.
Number of PUS that KB does not get service in rural areas 9.2%, while in urban areas 8.8% (SDKI 2007), this number unmeet need quite high. Years ago, the need unmeet KB reach 9.1% of fertile-age couples, or approximately four million pairs, while the government has a target of 6% in this year 2009.
With the KB program, the "4T", ie, in the age of pregnancy is too old (above 35 years), pregnant too young in age (below 20 years old), too often or too close proximity of pregnancy (less than 2 years), and too many children (more than 4), can be overcome. KB, prevent pregnancy, which means reducing the risk of death due to childbirth. KB also set the pregnancy really want to prevent abortion, and cause of death.
KB allows the birth mother at the age of the ideal course and distance with the birth of the ideal can be arranged so that the risk of death. KB also reduce the number of births so that no more than four times, thus reducing the risk of maternal mortality.
Targets have
The government has been trying AKI down with various policies, from the Safe motherhood programs (1988) where the KB became one of the pillars penopangnya, Gerakan Sayang Ibu / GSI (1996), Making Pregnancy safer / MPS (2000), etc..
Currently, the government and international agencies already have a target to reduce AKI to be 115 per 100,000 live births in 2015. Number of maternal mortality is high at this time is that homework should be completed soon, one way to encourage re-program KB, so that every pregnancy is wanted and planned.
Therefore, planning a pregnancy should be owned by each family, of course, added to the ongoing education about reproductive health and through increased access to quality contraceptive services so that they can reduce the risk directly and indirectly the death of the mother in childbirth.
And the role of men in the pro-KB is also very important to give the wife the freedom to use contraception, to support his wife in the pro-KB, considering reproductive health wife in the birth of children, and a user equipment considering contraceptive nationally KB male participation is very low, ie only 1% compared with other countries such as Pakistan (5.2%), Bangladesh (14%) and Malaysia (17%).
Thus, mothers can be expected through the process of pregnancy and childbirth safely and securely, both mother and child dikandungnya KB and vision of the National Program can be realized, namely "Qualified Family 2015". (*)
Mother DEATH is the death of the mother of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or in 42 days after childbirth (childbed) with causes related directly or indirectly to the confinement.
World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, in the world every 1 minute a mother dies in a year and have about 600 thousand mothers die due to complications of pregnancy, abortion and birth process that is not safe due to an unwanted pregnancy. WHO also reported, approximately 80% Maternal mortality is a result of increased complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and after the birth. The remaining 20%, Maternal mortality is not directly caused by anemia, malaria, hepatitis, heart disease and diabetes.
Figures gathered from the Demographic and Health Surveys Indonesia (SDKI) in 2003 showed about 15 thousand mothers die every year or every one hour, two died because of maternal complications of pregnancy, childbirth and childbed. Maternal mortality (AKI) in Indonesia is still high in the ASEAN region has occurred despite a decrease from 307/100 thousand live births from an average of around 3-4 million births each year (SDKI 2002-2003) became 263/100 thousand live births (BPS 2005) when compared with the maternal death rate in the country near neighbors, Thailand, thousands 129/100, 39/100 thousands Malaysia and Singapore 6 / 100 thousand.
AKI is not high despite the still high number of unwanted pregnancies (unwanted pregnancy) reached 16.8% which is associated with high abortion. Abortion itself to contribute to maternal mortality to 13%. On the other hand there are many found that the pregnancy is not ideal (too much, too young, too old, and too close proximity of pregnancy), which is very dangerous for the mother's health or better known as the "4 Too" (4T).
KB and the "4T"
Family Planning Program (KB), since 1970, has been pressing a number of birth per fertile-age women (Total Fertility Rate / TFR) of around 50% of children 5.6 to about 2.2 children per fertile-age women at this time. In addition, the program KB is also a role to achieve the large reduction in AKI through family planning to the way the pregnancy is safe, healthy and desirable. To create a message key, KB is a preventive health service efforts to the most basic and primary.
KB with the benefit of a decrease in birth AKI often not perceived. One of the causes of maternal mortality due to low family understanding about reproductive health and KB. The lack of access to services will also increase KB AKI. Many couples fertile age (EFA) did not get the service KB (unmeet need), the risk that increasing the number of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion.
Number of PUS that KB does not get service in rural areas 9.2%, while in urban areas 8.8% (SDKI 2007), this number unmeet need quite high. Years ago, the need unmeet KB reach 9.1% of fertile-age couples, or approximately four million pairs, while the government has a target of 6% in this year 2009.
With the KB program, the "4T", ie, in the age of pregnancy is too old (above 35 years), pregnant too young in age (below 20 years old), too often or too close proximity of pregnancy (less than 2 years), and too many children (more than 4), can be overcome. KB, prevent pregnancy, which means reducing the risk of death due to childbirth. KB also set the pregnancy really want to prevent abortion, and cause of death.
KB allows the birth mother at the age of the ideal course and distance with the birth of the ideal can be arranged so that the risk of death. KB also reduce the number of births so that no more than four times, thus reducing the risk of maternal mortality.
Targets have
The government has been trying AKI down with various policies, from the Safe motherhood programs (1988) where the KB became one of the pillars penopangnya, Gerakan Sayang Ibu / GSI (1996), Making Pregnancy safer / MPS (2000), etc..
Currently, the government and international agencies already have a target to reduce AKI to be 115 per 100,000 live births in 2015. Number of maternal mortality is high at this time is that homework should be completed soon, one way to encourage re-program KB, so that every pregnancy is wanted and planned.
Therefore, planning a pregnancy should be owned by each family, of course, added to the ongoing education about reproductive health and through increased access to quality contraceptive services so that they can reduce the risk directly and indirectly the death of the mother in childbirth.
And the role of men in the pro-KB is also very important to give the wife the freedom to use contraception, to support his wife in the pro-KB, considering reproductive health wife in the birth of children, and a user equipment considering contraceptive nationally KB male participation is very low, ie only 1% compared with other countries such as Pakistan (5.2%), Bangladesh (14%) and Malaysia (17%).
Thus, mothers can be expected through the process of pregnancy and childbirth safely and securely, both mother and child dikandungnya KB and vision of the National Program can be realized, namely "Qualified Family 2015". (*)
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